diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 0569924..2cb929a 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -11,12 +11,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "allocator-api2"
-version = "0.2.21"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "683d7910e743518b0e34f1186f92494becacb047c7b6bf616c96772180fef923"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "alsa"
 version = "0.9.1"
@@ -46,7 +40,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "710e8eae58854cdc1790fcb56cca04d712a17be849eeb81da2a724bf4bae2bc4"
 dependencies = [
  "anstyle",
- "unicode-width 0.2.0",
+ "unicode-width",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -70,12 +64,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "rustversion",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "autocfg"
-version = "1.5.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f2032f911046de80f0a198e0901378627c33f59ea0ac00e363d481118bd70a53"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "bindgen"
 version = "0.72.1"
@@ -122,21 +110,6 @@ version = "3.20.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "72f5acc6cb2ba439de613abc23857ec3d78374d8ed5ac84e9d11336e87da8649"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "cassowary"
-version = "0.3.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "df8670b8c7b9dae1793364eafadf7239c40d669904660c5960d74cfd80b46a53"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "castaway"
-version = "0.2.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "dec551ab6e7578819132c713a93c022a05d60159dc86e7a7050223577484c55a"
-dependencies = [
- "rustversion",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "cc"
 version = "1.4.6"
@@ -184,17 +157,12 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "compact_str"
-version = "0.8.2"
+name = "convert_case"
+version = "0.10.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7fd622ebbb56a5b2ccb651b32b911cdeb2a9b4b11776b2473bf26a26a286244e"
+checksum = "633458d4ef8c78b72454de2d54fd6ab2e60f9e02be22f3c6104cdc8a4e0fceb9"
 dependencies = [
- "castaway",
- "cfg-if",
- "itoa",
- "rustversion",
- "ryu",
- "static_assertions",
+ "unicode-segmentation",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -242,15 +210,17 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "crossterm"
-version = "0.28.1"
+version = "0.29.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "829d955a0bb380ef178a640b91779e3987da38c9aea133b20614cfed8cdea9c6"
+checksum = "d8b9f2e4c67f833b660cdb0a3523065869fb35570177239812ed4c905aeff87b"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags 2.13.2",
  "crossterm_winapi",
+ "derive_more",
+ "document-features",
  "mio",
  "parking_lot",
- "rustix 0.38.44",
+ "rustix",
  "signal-hook",
  "signal-hook-mio",
  "winapi",
@@ -266,37 +236,34 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "darling"
-version = "0.24.1"
+name = "derive_more"
+version = "2.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ed17f5901b6630b993ca003def43f2f8ef4014fc13b047b57aad617ff32bc2ec"
+checksum = "d751e9e49156b02b44f9c1815bcb94b984cdcc4396ecc32521c739452808b134"
 dependencies = [
- "darling_core",
- "darling_macro",
+ "derive_more-impl",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "darling_core"
-version = "0.24.1"
+name = "derive_more-impl"
+version = "2.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6837e2cf7485aaae18f86181d2f0e9a7ed297a025e220aeabf63fdebd3a2ddff"
+checksum = "799a97264921d8623a957f6c3b9011f3b5492f557bbb7a5a19b7fa6d06ba8dcb"
 dependencies = [
- "ident_case",
+ "convert_case",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "strsim",
- "syn 3.0.5",
+ "rustc_version",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "darling_macro"
-version = "0.24.1"
+name = "document-features"
+version = "0.2.12"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2ac7135c3ef02b2f7833bbeb1be5ba7f966dcde8a87c6b87f65a778d71a02785"
+checksum = "d4b8a88685455ed29a21542a33abd9cb6510b6b129abadabdcef0f4c55bc8f61"
 dependencies = [
- "darling_core",
- "quote",
- "syn 3.0.5",
+ "litrs",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -318,7 +285,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "39cab71617ae0d63f51a36d69f866391735b51691dbda63cf6f96d042b63efeb"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
- "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+ "windows-sys",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -327,12 +294,6 @@ version = "0.1.12"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "3e0f1c7c3a72c66fd80abe965175f7523475c0489a87d3ff9d6e8c87d87a9d2d"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "foldhash"
-version = "0.1.5"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d9c4f5dac5e15c24eb999c26181a6ca40b39fe946cbe4c263c7209467bc83af2"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-core"
 version = "0.3.34"
@@ -363,11 +324,10 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "arc-swap",
+ "crossterm",
  "midir",
  "pipewire",
- "ratatui",
  "rtrb",
- "rustfft",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -376,17 +336,6 @@ version = "0.3.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e4eba85ea1d0a966a983acd07deee566e67395d2d96b6fb39e62b5a833f1eb0b"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "hashbrown"
-version = "0.15.5"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9229cfe53dfd69f0609a49f65461bd93001ea1ef889cd5529dd176593f5338a1"
-dependencies = [
- "allocator-api2",
- "equivalent",
- "foldhash",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "hashbrown"
 version = "0.17.1"
@@ -399,12 +348,6 @@ version = "0.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "2304e00983f87ffb38b55b444b5e3b60a884b5d30c0fca7d82fe33449bbe55ea"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "ident_case"
-version = "1.0.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b9e0384b61958566e926dc50660321d12159025e767c18e043daf26b70104c39"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "indexmap"
 version = "2.14.2"
@@ -412,29 +355,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "cc4e190f5d26ca7051642629da2c52fc03bde85a03197c99408dcd291734c855"
 dependencies = [
  "equivalent",
- "hashbrown 0.17.1",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "indoc"
-version = "2.0.7"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "79cf5c93f93228cf8efb3ba362535fb11199ac548a09ce117c9b1adc3030d706"
-dependencies = [
- "rustversion",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "instability"
-version = "0.3.13"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2bf84e73fa6f27f299dec58e13223cf70db80da872eb921d4f6138342a0eabc8"
-dependencies = [
- "darling",
- "indoc",
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "syn 3.0.5",
+ "hashbrown",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -446,12 +367,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "either",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "itoa"
-version = "1.0.18"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8f42a60cbdf9a97f5d2305f08a87dc4e09308d1276d28c869c684d7777685682"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "js-sys"
 version = "0.3.105"
@@ -491,7 +406,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "libspa-sys",
  "nom 8.0.0",
- "rustix 1.1.4",
+ "rustix",
  "system-deps",
 ]
 
@@ -506,18 +421,18 @@ dependencies = [
  "system-deps",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "linux-raw-sys"
-version = "0.4.15"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d26c52dbd32dccf2d10cac7725f8eae5296885fb5703b261f7d0a0739ec807ab"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "linux-raw-sys"
 version = "0.12.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "32a66949e030da00e8c7d4434b251670a91556f4144941d37452769c25d58a53"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "litrs"
+version = "1.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "11d3d7f243d5c5a8b9bb5d6dd2b1602c0cb0b9db1621bafc7ed66e35ff9fe092"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "lock_api"
 version = "0.4.14"
@@ -533,15 +448,6 @@ version = "0.4.34"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f9f8bd3e56ce4dfc153cf470fffbfa98c7620958b312ca5c3a4b8d5181fd13c6"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "lru"
-version = "0.12.5"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "234cf4f4a04dc1f57e24b96cc0cd600cf2af460d4161ac5ecdd0af8e1f3b2a38"
-dependencies = [
- "hashbrown 0.15.5",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "memchr"
 version = "2.8.3"
@@ -580,7 +486,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "log",
  "wasi",
- "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+ "windows-sys",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -602,33 +508,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "num-complex"
-version = "0.4.6"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "73f88a1307638156682bada9d7604135552957b7818057dcef22705b4d509495"
-dependencies = [
- "num-traits",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "num-integer"
-version = "0.1.47"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7ce2d95d4b3734dc35aa2f45e1aa22cd416814592a4f9d9205e11affd5b8e10b"
-dependencies = [
- "num-traits",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "num-traits"
-version = "0.2.19"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "071dfc062690e90b734c0b2273ce72ad0ffa95f0c74596bc250dcfd960262841"
-dependencies = [
- "autocfg",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "objc2"
 version = "0.6.4"
@@ -673,12 +552,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-link",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "paste"
-version = "1.0.15"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "57c0d7b74b563b49d38dae00a0c37d4d6de9b432382b2892f0574ddcae73fd0a"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "pin-project-lite"
 version = "0.2.17"
@@ -696,7 +569,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "libspa",
  "libspa-sys",
  "pipewire-sys",
- "rustix 1.1.4",
+ "rustix",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -716,15 +589,6 @@ version = "0.3.34"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f6b464fbc74e149a392436b17d523f769e057cb6877f6a5c4618bc6f11800548"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "primal-check"
-version = "0.3.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "dc0d895b311e3af9902528fbb8f928688abbd95872819320517cc24ca6b2bd08"
-dependencies = [
- "num-integer",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "proc-macro2"
 version = "1.0.107"
@@ -743,27 +607,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "ratatui"
-version = "0.29.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "eabd94c2f37801c20583fc49dd5cd6b0ba68c716787c2dd6ed18571e1e63117b"
-dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.13.2",
- "cassowary",
- "compact_str",
- "crossterm",
- "indoc",
- "instability",
- "itertools",
- "lru",
- "paste",
- "strum",
- "unicode-segmentation",
- "unicode-truncate",
- "unicode-width 0.2.0",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "redox_syscall"
 version = "0.5.18"
@@ -815,30 +658,12 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6b1e7f9a428571be2dc5bc0505c13fb6bf936822b894ec87abf8a08a4e51742d"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "rustfft"
-version = "6.4.1"
+name = "rustc_version"
+version = "0.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "21db5f9893e91f41798c88680037dba611ca6674703c1a18601b01a72c8adb89"
+checksum = "cfcb3a22ef46e85b45de6ee7e79d063319ebb6594faafcf1c225ea92ab6e9b92"
 dependencies = [
- "num-complex",
- "num-integer",
- "num-traits",
- "primal-check",
- "strength_reduce",
- "transpose",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "rustix"
-version = "0.38.44"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fdb5bc1ae2baa591800df16c9ca78619bf65c0488b41b96ccec5d11220d8c154"
-dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.13.2",
- "errno",
- "libc",
- "linux-raw-sys 0.4.15",
- "windows-sys 0.59.0",
+ "semver",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -850,8 +675,8 @@ dependencies = [
  "bitflags 2.13.2",
  "errno",
  "libc",
- "linux-raw-sys 0.12.1",
- "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+ "linux-raw-sys",
+ "windows-sys",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -860,18 +685,18 @@ version = "1.0.23"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "cf54715a573b99ac80df0bc206da022bcd442c974952c7b9720069370852e21f"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "ryu"
-version = "1.0.23"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9774ba4a74de5f7b1c1451ed6cd5285a32eddb5cccb8cc655a4e50009e06477f"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "scopeguard"
 version = "1.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "94143f37725109f92c262ed2cf5e59bce7498c01bcc1502d7b9afe439a4e9f49"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "semver"
+version = "1.0.28"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8a7852d02fc848982e0c167ef163aaff9cd91dc640ba85e263cb1ce46fae51cd"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_core"
 version = "1.0.229"
@@ -956,46 +781,6 @@ version = "1.16.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ba467056f1b547ed52077911161fc86985becbc60e8e1857c8a144dab0def891"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "static_assertions"
-version = "1.1.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a2eb9349b6444b326872e140eb1cf5e7c522154d69e7a0ffb0fb81c06b37543f"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "strength_reduce"
-version = "0.2.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fe895eb47f22e2ddd4dabc02bce419d2e643c8e3b585c78158b349195bc24d82"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "strsim"
-version = "0.11.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7da8b5736845d9f2fcb837ea5d9e2628564b3b043a70948a3f0b778838c5fb4f"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "strum"
-version = "0.26.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8fec0f0aef304996cf250b31b5a10dee7980c85da9d759361292b8bca5a18f06"
-dependencies = [
- "strum_macros",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "strum_macros"
-version = "0.26.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4c6bee85a5a24955dc440386795aa378cd9cf82acd5f764469152d2270e581be"
-dependencies = [
- "heck",
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "rustversion",
- "syn 2.0.119",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "syn"
 version = "2.0.119"
@@ -1076,16 +861,6 @@ version = "1.1.2+spec-1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7d56353a2a665ad0f41a421187180aab746c8c325620617ad883a99a1cbe66d2"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "transpose"
-version = "0.2.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1ad61aed86bc3faea4300c7aee358b4c6d0c8d6ccc36524c96e4c92ccf26e77e"
-dependencies = [
- "num-integer",
- "strength_reduce",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-ident"
 version = "1.0.24"
@@ -1098,23 +873,6 @@ version = "1.13.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c6f5d3c3b1bf09027a88a6bc961fc00497d651009560b5463668dc81b0fa87a8"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "unicode-truncate"
-version = "1.1.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b3644627a5af5fa321c95b9b235a72fd24cd29c648c2c379431e6628655627bf"
-dependencies = [
- "itertools",
- "unicode-segmentation",
- "unicode-width 0.1.14",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "unicode-width"
-version = "0.1.14"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7dd6e30e90baa6f72411720665d41d89b9a3d039dc45b8faea1ddd07f617f6af"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-width"
 version = "0.2.0"
@@ -1269,15 +1027,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-targets",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "windows-sys"
-version = "0.59.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1e38bc4d79ed67fd075bcc251a1c39b32a1776bbe92e5bef1f0bf1f8c531853b"
-dependencies = [
- "windows-targets",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-sys"
 version = "0.61.2"
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index a4143a4..d26540e 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ codegen-units = 1
 anyhow = "1"
 pipewire = "0.10"
 midir = "0.10"
-rustfft = "6.2"
 arc-swap = "1.7"
 rtrb = "0.3"
-ratatui = "0.29"
+crossterm = "0.29"
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index d9fd44e..5e0b6e5 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -14,20 +14,26 @@ orca-rs  ──MIDI/OSC/UDP──▶  galdr  ──PipeWire──▶  speakers
 ## The grid
 
 Signal flows **down**: each cell takes the sample from the cell above as its
-input. The left and right neighbour glyphs are parameters — a digit `0`–`9` is
-a constant, a letter `a`–`z` reads MIDI CC (`a` = CC 0).
+input. Glyphs are **UPPERCASE** operators. A digit `0`–`9` to the left/right is
+a constant parameter; a lowercase letter `a`–`z` reads MIDI CC (`a` = CC 0).
 
-| glyph | unit generator |
-|---|---|
-| `~` | sine (ratio ← left) |
-| `^` | saw (ratio ← left) |
-| `_` | pulse (width ← left) |
-| `v` | triangle |
-| `*` | noise |
-| `f` | lowpass (cutoff ← left) |
-| `e` | envelope, attack/release ← left/right, gated by the note |
-| `s` | shaper / drive ← left |
-| `!` | output to master |
+| glyph | unit generator | left / right param |
+|---|---|---|
+| `O` | sine | ratio |
+| `A` | saw | ratio |
+| `U` | pulse | width |
+| `V` | triangle | — |
+| `N` | noise | — |
+| `L` `H` `B` | low / high / band-pass (SVF) | cutoff / resonance |
+| `E` | envelope (gated by the note) | attack / release |
+| `S` | soft clip (tanh) | drive |
+| `C` | hard clip | threshold |
+| `F` | wavefolder | amount |
+| `D` | decimate / bitcrush | rate |
+| `G` | gain | amount |
+| `R` | ring modulator | ratio |
+| `M` | mix — adds the cell to its **left** | — |
+| `!` | output to master | — |
 
 Each `!` sums into the master, so parallel columns stack timbres or voices.
 A note plays every column at once.
@@ -35,14 +41,15 @@ A note plays every column at once.
 Example — a filtered saw with an envelope:
 
 ```
-^        saw at the note pitch
-f        lowpass, cutoff from the digit to its left...
-e        ...enveloped by the note gate
+A        saw at the note pitch
+L        lowpass, cutoff from the digit to its left...
+E        ...enveloped by the note gate
 !        ...to master
 ```
 
 Editing the grid recompiles and hot-swaps the running program without dropping
-audio.
+audio. There is no embedded scope — run a spectrum analyzer (e.g. `spectrust`)
+on the side if you want one.
 
 ## Usage
 
diff --git a/src/audio.rs b/src/audio.rs
index 6d38a71..8a1d45a 100644
--- a/src/audio.rs
+++ b/src/audio.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 //! Low-latency PipeWire playback. The RT process callback drains input events,
-//! renders the voice mixer, fills the output buffer, and taps the master into a
-//! scope ring for the TUI. No allocation or locks on this path.
+//! renders the voice mixer, and fills the output buffer. No allocation or locks
+//! on this path.
 
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU32, Ordering};
 use std::sync::mpsc::Sender;
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use arc_swap::ArcSwap;
 use pipewire as pw;
 use pw::spa;
 use pw::{properties::properties, spa::pod::Pod};
-use rtrb::{Consumer, Producer};
+use rtrb::Consumer;
 use spa::param::audio::{AudioFormat, AudioInfoRaw};
 
 use crate::dsp::Program;
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ pub type Shared = Arc<ArcSwap<Program>>;
 pub fn spawn(
     prog: Shared,
     events: Consumer<Event>,
-    scope: Producer<f32>,
     voices: Arc<AtomicU32>,
     sr: u32,
     channels: u8,
@@ -35,7 +34,7 @@ pub fn spawn(
         .name("galdr-audio".into())
         .spawn(move || {
             if let Err(e) =
-                run(prog, events, scope, voices, sr, channels, latency, poly, ready_tx.clone())
+                run(prog, events, voices, sr, channels, latency, poly, ready_tx.clone())
             {
                 let _ = ready_tx.send(Err(e));
             }
@@ -48,7 +47,6 @@ pub fn spawn(
 fn run(
     prog: Shared,
     mut events: Consumer<Event>,
-    mut scope: Producer<f32>,
     voices: Arc<AtomicU32>,
     sr: u32,
     channels: u8,
@@ -92,7 +90,6 @@ fn run(
                 n_frames = slice.len() / stride;
                 for f in 0..n_frames {
                     let smp = engine.render(&program);
-                    let _ = scope.push(smp);
                     let bytes = smp.to_le_bytes();
                     for c in 0..ch {
                         let o = f * stride + c * 4;
diff --git a/src/dsp.rs b/src/dsp.rs
index fa74c4b..acbfa9a 100644
--- a/src/dsp.rs
+++ b/src/dsp.rs
@@ -4,11 +4,16 @@
 //! row-ordered list of nodes (topological by construction: signal flows
 //! downward, so a cell's input - the cell above - is always evaluated first).
 //! The audio thread never sees the grid, only the compiled `Program`.
+//!
+//! Glyph convention: UPPERCASE letters are operators, digits 0-9 are constant
+//! params, lowercase a-z read MIDI CC (a = CC 0). A neighbour to the left/right
+//! supplies a parameter; `M` instead reads the left cell as a second signal.
 
 use crate::grid::{Grid, H, SLOTS, W};
 
 pub const MAX_STATE: usize = 4 * SLOTS;
 pub const TAU: f32 = std::f32::consts::TAU;
+const PI: f32 = std::f32::consts::PI;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy)]
 pub enum Op {
@@ -17,13 +22,20 @@ pub enum Op {
     Pulse,
     Tri,
     Noise,
-    Lpf,
+    Low,
+    High,
+    Band,
     Env,
-    Shape,
+    Soft,
+    Clip,
+    Fold,
+    Decimate,
+    Gain,
+    Ring,
+    Mix,
     Out,
 }
 
-/// A parameter read from a horizontal neighbour glyph.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy)]
 pub enum Param {
     Const(f32),
@@ -47,6 +59,7 @@ pub struct Node {
     pub op: Op,
     pub out: usize,
     pub input: Option<usize>,
+    pub lsig: Option<usize>,
     pub left: Param,
     pub right: Param,
     pub st: usize,
@@ -57,17 +70,25 @@ pub struct Program {
     pub has_env: bool,
 }
 
+/// (operator, persistent state slots per voice)
 fn op_of(c: char) -> Option<(Op, usize)> {
-    // (operator, number of persistent state slots it needs per voice)
     Some(match c {
-        '~' => (Op::Sine, 1),
-        '^' => (Op::Saw, 1),
-        '_' => (Op::Pulse, 1),
-        'v' => (Op::Tri, 1),
-        '*' => (Op::Noise, 0),
-        'f' => (Op::Lpf, 2),
-        'e' => (Op::Env, 2),
-        's' => (Op::Shape, 0),
+        'O' => (Op::Sine, 1),
+        'A' => (Op::Saw, 1),
+        'U' => (Op::Pulse, 1),
+        'V' => (Op::Tri, 1),
+        'N' => (Op::Noise, 0),
+        'L' => (Op::Low, 2),
+        'H' => (Op::High, 2),
+        'B' => (Op::Band, 2),
+        'E' => (Op::Env, 1),
+        'S' => (Op::Soft, 0),
+        'C' => (Op::Clip, 0),
+        'F' => (Op::Fold, 0),
+        'D' => (Op::Decimate, 2),
+        'G' => (Op::Gain, 0),
+        'R' => (Op::Ring, 1),
+        'M' => (Op::Mix, 0),
         '!' => (Op::Out, 0),
         _ => return None,
     })
@@ -95,22 +116,19 @@ pub fn compile(grid: &Grid) -> Program {
             if matches!(op, Op::Env) {
                 has_env = true;
             }
-            let input = if row > 0 && occupied(grid.get(col, row - 1)) {
-                Some((row - 1) * W + col)
-            } else {
-                None
-            };
+            let input =
+                if row > 0 && occupied(grid.get(col, row - 1)) { Some((row - 1) * W + col) } else { None };
+            let lsig = if col > 0 { Some(row * W + col - 1) } else { None };
             let left = if col > 0 { param_of(grid.get(col - 1, row)) } else { Param::None };
             let right = if col + 1 < W { param_of(grid.get(col + 1, row)) } else { Param::None };
             let this_st = st;
             st = (st + ssize).min(MAX_STATE - 4);
-            nodes.push(Node { op, out: row * W + col, input, left, right, st: this_st });
+            nodes.push(Node { op, out: row * W + col, input, lsig, left, right, st: this_st });
         }
     }
     Program { nodes, has_env }
 }
 
-/// Per-voice mutable state consumed by the evaluator.
 pub struct Voice {
     pub active: bool,
     pub note: u8,
@@ -141,12 +159,41 @@ impl Voice {
 
 #[inline]
 fn cutoff_hz(v: f32) -> f32 {
-    // 0..=9 or a 0..1 CC value -> ~40 Hz .. ~16 kHz, exponential.
     let n = if v > 1.0 { v / 9.0 } else { v };
     40.0 * 400f32.powf(n.clamp(0.0, 1.0))
 }
 
-/// Evaluate one output sample for one voice. Returns the summed `!` outputs.
+#[inline]
+fn phasor(ph: &mut f32, inc: f32) -> f32 {
+    let p = *ph;
+    *ph += inc;
+    if *ph >= 1.0 {
+        *ph -= 1.0;
+    }
+    p
+}
+
+/// TPT state-variable filter step. Returns (low, band, high).
+#[inline]
+fn svf(inp: f32, fc: f32, k: f32, sr: f32, ic1: &mut f32, ic2: &mut f32) -> (f32, f32, f32) {
+    let g = (PI * fc / sr).tan();
+    let a1 = 1.0 / (1.0 + g * (g + k));
+    let a2 = g * a1;
+    let a3 = g * a2;
+    let v3 = inp - *ic2;
+    let v1 = a1 * *ic1 + a2 * v3;
+    let v2 = *ic2 + a2 * *ic1 + a3 * v3;
+    *ic1 = 2.0 * v1 - *ic1;
+    *ic2 = 2.0 * v2 - *ic2;
+    (v2, v1, inp - k * v1 - v2)
+}
+
+#[inline]
+fn res_k(right: Option<f32>) -> f32 {
+    // higher right glyph -> more resonance (lower k = higher Q)
+    (1.5 - right.unwrap_or(3.0) * 0.15).clamp(0.15, 1.5)
+}
+
 #[inline]
 pub fn eval_voice(v: &mut Voice, p: &Program, regs: &[f32], sr: f32) -> f32 {
     let mut s = [0f32; SLOTS];
@@ -159,76 +206,85 @@ pub fn eval_voice(v: &mut Voice, p: &Program, regs: &[f32], sr: f32) -> f32 {
         let y = match n.op {
             Op::Sine => {
                 let ratio = l.filter(|&x| x > 0.0).unwrap_or(1.0);
-                let ph = &mut v.state[n.st];
-                let y = (*ph * TAU).sin();
-                *ph += v.freq * ratio / sr;
-                if *ph >= 1.0 {
-                    *ph -= 1.0;
-                }
-                y
+                (phasor(&mut v.state[n.st], v.freq * ratio / sr) * TAU).sin()
             }
             Op::Saw => {
                 let ratio = l.filter(|&x| x > 0.0).unwrap_or(1.0);
-                let ph = &mut v.state[n.st];
-                let y = 2.0 * *ph - 1.0;
-                *ph += v.freq * ratio / sr;
-                if *ph >= 1.0 {
-                    *ph -= 1.0;
-                }
-                y
+                2.0 * phasor(&mut v.state[n.st], v.freq * ratio / sr) - 1.0
             }
             Op::Pulse => {
-                let width = l.map(|x| (x / 9.0).clamp(0.05, 0.95)).unwrap_or(0.5);
-                let ph = &mut v.state[n.st];
-                let y = if *ph < width { 1.0 } else { -1.0 };
-                *ph += v.freq / sr;
-                if *ph >= 1.0 {
-                    *ph -= 1.0;
-                }
-                y
-            }
-            Op::Tri => {
-                let ph = &mut v.state[n.st];
-                let y = 4.0 * (*ph - 0.5).abs() - 1.0;
-                *ph += v.freq / sr;
-                if *ph >= 1.0 {
-                    *ph -= 1.0;
-                }
-                y
+                let w = l.map(|x| (x / 9.0).clamp(0.05, 0.95)).unwrap_or(0.5);
+                if phasor(&mut v.state[n.st], v.freq / sr) < w { 1.0 } else { -1.0 }
             }
+            Op::Tri => 4.0 * (phasor(&mut v.state[n.st], v.freq / sr) - 0.5).abs() - 1.0,
             Op::Noise => {
-                // xorshift32
                 v.rng ^= v.rng << 13;
                 v.rng ^= v.rng >> 17;
                 v.rng ^= v.rng << 5;
                 (v.rng as f32 / u32::MAX as f32) * 2.0 - 1.0
             }
-            Op::Lpf => {
+            Op::Low | Op::High | Op::Band => {
                 let fc = cutoff_hz(l.unwrap_or(9.0));
-                let a = (1.0 - (-TAU * fc / sr).exp()).clamp(0.0, 1.0);
-                let z = &mut v.state[n.st];
-                *z += a * (inp - *z);
-                let _res = r; // reserved for resonance later
-                *z
+                let k = res_k(r);
+                let (ic1, ic2) = {
+                    let (a, b) = v.state.split_at_mut(n.st + 1);
+                    (&mut a[n.st], &mut b[0])
+                };
+                let (lo, ba, hi) = svf(inp, fc, k, sr, ic1, ic2);
+                match n.op {
+                    Op::High => hi,
+                    Op::Band => ba,
+                    _ => lo,
+                }
             }
             Op::Env => {
-                // Attack/Release, sustain = 1. l = attack, r = release (0..9).
                 let atk = l.map(|x| 0.002 + x * 0.05).unwrap_or(0.01);
                 let rel = r.map(|x| 0.01 + x * 0.15).unwrap_or(0.15);
                 let level = &mut v.state[n.st];
                 let target = if v.gate > 0.5 { 1.0 } else { 0.0 };
                 let rate = if v.gate > 0.5 { atk } else { rel };
-                let step = (1.0 / (rate * sr)).min(1.0);
-                *level += (target - *level) * step;
+                *level += (target - *level) * (1.0 / (rate * sr)).min(1.0);
                 if *level > env_max {
                     env_max = *level;
                 }
                 inp * *level * v.vel
             }
-            Op::Shape => {
+            Op::Soft => {
                 let drive = l.filter(|&x| x > 0.0).unwrap_or(1.0);
                 (inp * drive).tanh()
             }
+            Op::Clip => {
+                let t = l.map(|x| (x / 9.0).clamp(0.05, 1.0)).unwrap_or(0.5);
+                inp.clamp(-t, t)
+            }
+            Op::Fold => {
+                let amt = 1.0 + l.unwrap_or(1.0);
+                (inp * amt * PI * 0.5).sin()
+            }
+            Op::Decimate => {
+                let factor = 1.0 + l.unwrap_or(4.0) * 3.0;
+                let held = &mut v.state[n.st];
+                let held_val = *held;
+                let ph = &mut v.state[n.st + 1];
+                *ph += 1.0;
+                if *ph >= factor {
+                    *ph = 0.0;
+                    v.state[n.st] = inp;
+                    inp
+                } else {
+                    held_val
+                }
+            }
+            Op::Gain => {
+                let g = l.map(|x| if x > 1.0 { x / 4.5 } else { x * 2.0 }).unwrap_or(1.0);
+                inp * g
+            }
+            Op::Ring => {
+                let ratio = l.filter(|&x| x > 0.0).unwrap_or(1.0);
+                let m = (phasor(&mut v.state[n.st], v.freq * ratio / sr) * TAU).sin();
+                inp * m
+            }
+            Op::Mix => inp + n.lsig.map(|i| s[i]).unwrap_or(0.0),
             Op::Out => {
                 out += inp;
                 inp
@@ -236,8 +292,6 @@ pub fn eval_voice(v: &mut Voice, p: &Program, regs: &[f32], sr: f32) -> f32 {
         };
         s[n.out] = y;
     }
-    // With no envelope, gate directly gates the voice so notes don't sustain
-    // forever.
     if !p.has_env {
         out *= v.gate * v.vel;
         env_max = v.gate;
diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
index 48bb83a..523cc01 100644
--- a/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -32,10 +32,14 @@ Options:
                         creating the virtual 'galdr' port
     -h, --help          Print this message
 
-Grid glyphs (signal flows down; left/right neighbours are params 0-9 or CC a-z):
-    ~ sine   ^ saw   _ pulse   v tri   * noise
-    f lowpass(cutoff<-left)   e envelope(atk<-left,rel<-right)   s shaper(drive<-left)
-    ! output to master
+Grid glyphs are UPPERCASE operators; digits 0-9 are constants; lowercase a-z
+read MIDI CC (a = CC 0). Signal flows down (input = the cell above); the left
+and right neighbours are params.
+    sources   O sine   A saw   U pulse   V tri   N noise   (ratio/width <- left)
+    filters   L lowpass  H highpass  B bandpass   (cutoff <- left, resonance <- right)
+    shapers   S soft/tanh(drive<-left)  C clip(<-left)  F fold(<-left)  D decimate(<-left)
+    amp/mod   E envelope(atk<-left, rel<-right)  G gain(<-left)  R ringmod(ratio<-left)
+    routing   M mix (adds the cell to its left)   ! output to master
 ";
 
 fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
@@ -66,22 +70,21 @@ fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     // A default patch so the first run makes sound: a plain sine->env voice and
     // a filtered saw voice.
     let mut grid = Grid::new();
-    grid.set(0, 0, '~');
-    grid.set(0, 1, 'e');
-    grid.set(0, 2, '!');
-    grid.set(2, 0, '^');
-    grid.set(1, 1, '5');
-    grid.set(2, 1, 'f');
-    grid.set(2, 2, 'e');
-    grid.set(2, 3, '!');
+    grid.set(0, 0, 'O'); // sine
+    grid.set(0, 1, 'E'); // -> envelope
+    grid.set(0, 2, '!'); // -> out
+    grid.set(2, 0, 'A'); // saw
+    grid.set(1, 1, '5'); // cutoff param for the filter
+    grid.set(2, 1, 'L'); // -> lowpass
+    grid.set(2, 2, 'E'); // -> envelope
+    grid.set(2, 3, '!'); // -> out
 
     let prog = Arc::new(ArcSwap::from_pointee(compile(&grid)));
     let voices = Arc::new(AtomicU32::new(0));
 
     let (prod_ev, cons_ev) = rtrb::RingBuffer::new(1024);
-    let (prod_sc, cons_sc) = rtrb::RingBuffer::new(16384);
 
-    audio::spawn(prog.clone(), cons_ev, prod_sc, voices.clone(), rate, channels, latency, poly)
+    audio::spawn(prog.clone(), cons_ev, voices.clone(), rate, channels, latency, poly)
         .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("audio: {e}"))?;
 
     // Keep the MIDI connection alive for the program's lifetime.
@@ -93,6 +96,6 @@ fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         }
     };
 
-    tui::run(prog, cons_sc, voices, grid, latency)?;
+    tui::run(prog, voices, grid, latency)?;
     Ok(())
 }
diff --git a/src/tui.rs b/src/tui.rs
index f8a935c..9289a33 100644
--- a/src/tui.rs
+++ b/src/tui.rs
@@ -1,149 +1,145 @@
-//! Terminal editor: the grid on the left, a live spectrum of the master on the
-//! right, a status line below. Editing recompiles and hot-swaps the program.
+//! Grid editor. crossterm renderer adapted from orca-rs's grid view (same
+//! centered-canvas + per-glyph colour approach); no embedded scope - run a
+//! spectrum analyzer (e.g. spectrust) on the side if you want one.
 
+use std::io::{self, Write};
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU32, Ordering};
 use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::time::Duration;
 
 use arc_swap::ArcSwap;
-use ratatui::crossterm::event::{self, Event as CEvent, KeyCode, KeyEventKind, KeyModifiers};
-use ratatui::prelude::*;
-use ratatui::widgets::{Block, Borders, Paragraph};
-use rtrb::Consumer;
-use rustfft::{num_complex::Complex, FftPlanner};
+use crossterm::cursor::{Hide, MoveTo, Show};
+use crossterm::event::{self, Event, KeyCode, KeyEventKind, KeyModifiers};
+use crossterm::style::{Attribute, Color, Print, SetAttribute, SetForegroundColor};
+use crossterm::terminal::{
+    disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, BeginSynchronizedUpdate, Clear, ClearType,
+    EndSynchronizedUpdate, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen,
+};
+use crossterm::{execute, queue, terminal};
 
 use crate::dsp::{compile, Program};
 use crate::grid::{Grid, H, W};
 
-const FFT: usize = 1024;
+// Foreground colour by glyph category. (orca-rs uses one Normal colour; galdr
+// tints by role so a patch reads at a glance.)
+fn glyph_color(c: char) -> Color {
+    match c {
+        'O' | 'A' | 'U' | 'V' | 'N' => Color::Cyan,          // sources
+        'L' | 'H' | 'B' => Color::Blue,                      // filters
+        'S' | 'C' | 'F' | 'D' => Color::Yellow,              // shapers
+        'E' | 'G' | 'R' | 'M' => Color::Green,               // amp / mod
+        '!' => Color::Magenta,                               // output
+        '0'..='9' => Color::Grey,                            // constants
+        'a'..='z' => Color::DarkYellow,                      // CC registers
+        '.' => Color::DarkGrey,                              // empty
+        _ => Color::White,
+    }
+}
 
 pub fn run(
     prog: Arc<ArcSwap<Program>>,
-    mut scope: Consumer<f32>,
     voices: Arc<AtomicU32>,
     mut grid: Grid,
     latency: u32,
-) -> std::io::Result<()> {
-    let mut terminal = ratatui::init();
-
-    let mut samples = vec![0.0f32; FFT];
-    let mut planner = FftPlanner::new();
-    let fft = planner.plan_fft_forward(FFT);
-    let hann: Vec<f32> = (0..FFT)
-        .map(|i| 0.5 * (1.0 - (std::f32::consts::TAU * i as f32 / FFT as f32).cos()))
-        .collect();
+) -> io::Result<()> {
+    enable_raw_mode()?;
+    let mut out = io::stdout();
+    execute!(out, EnterAlternateScreen, Hide)?;
     let (mut cx, mut cy) = (0usize, 0usize);
 
+    let res = main_loop(&mut out, &prog, &voices, &mut grid, latency, &mut cx, &mut cy);
+
+    execute!(out, Show, LeaveAlternateScreen)?;
+    disable_raw_mode()?;
+    res
+}
+
+fn main_loop(
+    out: &mut io::Stdout,
+    prog: &Arc<ArcSwap<Program>>,
+    voices: &Arc<AtomicU32>,
+    grid: &mut Grid,
+    latency: u32,
+    cx: &mut usize,
+    cy: &mut usize,
+) -> io::Result<()> {
     loop {
-        // Pull whatever the audio thread produced into the rolling window.
-        while let Ok(s) = scope.pop() {
-            samples.rotate_left(1);
-            samples[FFT - 1] = s;
-        }
-        let mut buf: Vec<Complex<f32>> =
-            samples.iter().zip(&hann).map(|(s, w)| Complex { re: s * w, im: 0.0 }).collect();
-        fft.process(&mut buf);
-        let mags: Vec<f32> = buf[..FFT / 2].iter().map(|c| c.norm()).collect();
+        draw(out, grid, *cx, *cy, voices.load(Ordering::Relaxed), latency)?;
 
-        let nv = voices.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
-        terminal.draw(|f| ui(f, &grid, cx, cy, &mags, nv, latency))?;
-
-        if event::poll(std::time::Duration::from_millis(33))? {
-            if let CEvent::Key(k) = event::read()? {
+        if event::poll(Duration::from_millis(33))? {
+            if let Event::Key(k) = event::read()? {
                 if k.kind != KeyEventKind::Press {
                     continue;
                 }
                 if k.code == KeyCode::Esc
                     || (k.code == KeyCode::Char('c') && k.modifiers.contains(KeyModifiers::CONTROL))
                 {
-                    break;
+                    return Ok(());
                 }
                 let mut changed = false;
                 match k.code {
-                    KeyCode::Left => cx = cx.saturating_sub(1),
-                    KeyCode::Right => cx = (cx + 1).min(W - 1),
-                    KeyCode::Up => cy = cy.saturating_sub(1),
-                    KeyCode::Down => cy = (cy + 1).min(H - 1),
+                    KeyCode::Left => *cx = cx.saturating_sub(1),
+                    KeyCode::Right => *cx = (*cx + 1).min(W - 1),
+                    KeyCode::Up => *cy = cy.saturating_sub(1),
+                    KeyCode::Down => *cy = (*cy + 1).min(H - 1),
                     KeyCode::Backspace | KeyCode::Delete => {
-                        grid.set(cx, cy, '.');
+                        grid.set(*cx, *cy, '.');
                         changed = true;
                     }
                     KeyCode::Char(c) => {
-                        grid.set(cx, cy, if c == ' ' { '.' } else { c });
+                        grid.set(*cx, *cy, if c == ' ' { '.' } else { c });
                         changed = true;
+                        *cx = (*cx + 1).min(W - 1);
                     }
                     _ => {}
                 }
                 if changed {
-                    prog.store(Arc::new(compile(&grid)));
+                    prog.store(Arc::new(compile(grid)));
                 }
             }
         }
     }
-
-    ratatui::restore();
-    Ok(())
 }
 
-fn ui(f: &mut Frame, grid: &Grid, cx: usize, cy: usize, mags: &[f32], voices: u32, latency: u32) {
-    let root = Layout::vertical([Constraint::Min(1), Constraint::Length(1)]).split(f.area());
-    let cols = Layout::horizontal([Constraint::Length((W + 3) as u16), Constraint::Min(10)]).split(root[0]);
+fn draw(
+    out: &mut io::Stdout,
+    grid: &Grid,
+    cx: usize,
+    cy: usize,
+    voices: u32,
+    latency: u32,
+) -> io::Result<()> {
+    let (tw, th) = terminal::size()?;
+    let off_x = (tw as usize).saturating_sub(W) / 2;
+    let off_y = (th as usize).saturating_sub(H + 1) / 2;
 
-    // Grid pane.
-    let mut lines = Vec::with_capacity(H);
+    queue!(out, BeginSynchronizedUpdate, Clear(ClearType::All))?;
     for row in 0..H {
-        let mut spans = Vec::with_capacity(W);
+        queue!(out, MoveTo(off_x as u16, (off_y + row) as u16))?;
         for col in 0..W {
-            let ch = grid.get(col, row);
-            let mut st = match ch {
-                '~' | '^' | '_' | 'v' | '*' => Style::default().fg(Color::Cyan),
-                'f' | 's' => Style::default().fg(Color::Yellow),
-                'e' => Style::default().fg(Color::Green),
-                '!' => Style::default().fg(Color::Magenta),
-                '.' => Style::default().fg(Color::DarkGray),
-                _ => Style::default().fg(Color::White),
-            };
+            let c = grid.get(col, row);
+            queue!(out, SetAttribute(Attribute::Reset))?;
             if col == cx && row == cy {
-                st = st.add_modifier(Modifier::REVERSED);
-            }
-            spans.push(Span::styled(ch.to_string(), st));
-        }
-        lines.push(Line::from(spans));
-    }
-    f.render_widget(
-        Paragraph::new(lines).block(Block::default().borders(Borders::ALL).title(" galdr ")),
-        cols[0],
-    );
-
-    // Spectrum pane.
-    let area = cols[1];
-    let inner_w = area.width.saturating_sub(2) as usize;
-    let inner_h = area.height.saturating_sub(2) as usize;
-    let mut srows = vec![String::new(); inner_h];
-    if inner_w > 0 && inner_h > 0 {
-        let maxm = mags.iter().cloned().fold(1e-6f32, f32::max);
-        for x in 0..inner_w {
-            // log-ish bin mapping into the lower spectrum
-            let frac = (x as f32 / inner_w as f32).powf(1.6);
-            let bin = ((frac * mags.len() as f32) as usize).min(mags.len() - 1);
-            let mag = (mags[bin] / maxm).sqrt();
-            let filled = (mag * inner_h as f32) as usize;
-            for y in 0..inner_h {
-                srows[inner_h - 1 - y].push(if y < filled { '█' } else { ' ' });
+                queue!(out, SetAttribute(Attribute::Reverse))?;
+            } else {
+                queue!(out, SetForegroundColor(glyph_color(c)))?;
             }
+            queue!(out, Print(c))?;
         }
     }
-    let scope_lines: Vec<Line> = srows.into_iter().map(|s| Line::from(Span::styled(s, Style::default().fg(Color::Green)))).collect();
-    f.render_widget(
-        Paragraph::new(scope_lines).block(Block::default().borders(Borders::ALL).title(" spectrum ")),
-        area,
-    );
 
-    // Status line.
+    // Status line beneath the grid.
     let status = format!(
-        " voices {voices}  ·  latency {latency}f  ·  glyphs ~^_v* f e s !  ·  Esc quit "
-    );
-    f.render_widget(
-        Paragraph::new(status).style(Style::default().fg(Color::Black).bg(Color::Cyan)),
-        root[1],
+        "voices {voices}  latency {latency}f   O~ A^ U pulse V tri N noise | L H B filt | S C F D shape | E env G gain R ring M mix | ! out   Esc quit"
     );
+    let s: String = status.chars().take(tw as usize).collect();
+    queue!(
+        out,
+        MoveTo(0, th.saturating_sub(1)),
+        SetAttribute(Attribute::Reset),
+        SetForegroundColor(Color::DarkGrey),
+        Print(s)
+    )?;
+    queue!(out, EndSynchronizedUpdate)?;
+    out.flush()
 }